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1# Advanced Keycodes
2
3Your keymap can include keycodes that are more advanced than normal, for example keys that switch layers or send modifiers when held, but send regular keycodes when tapped. This page documents the functions that are available to you.
4
5## Assigning Custom Names
6
7People often define custom names using `#define`. For example:
8
9```c
10#define FN_CAPS LT(_FL, KC_CAPSLOCK)
11#define ALT_TAB LALT(KC_TAB)
12```
13
14This will allow you to use `FN_CAPS` and `ALT_TAB` in your keymap, keeping it more readable.
15
16## Caveats
17
18Currently, `LT()` and `MT()` are limited to the [Basic Keycode set](keycodes_basic.md), meaning you can't use keycodes like `LCTL()`, `KC_TILD`, or anything greater than `0xFF`. Modifiers specified as part of a Layer Tap or Mod Tap's keycode will be ignored. If you need to apply modifiers to your tapped keycode, [Tap Dance](feature_tap_dance.md#example-5-using-tap-dance-for-advanced-mod-tap-and-layer-tap-keys) can be used to accomplish this.
19
20Additionally, if at least one right-handed modifier is specified in a Mod Tap or Layer Tap, it will cause all modifiers specified to become right-handed, so it is not possible to mix and match the two.
21
22# Switching and Toggling Layers 1# Switching and Toggling Layers
23 2
24These functions allow you to activate layers in various ways. Note that layers are not generally independent layouts -- multiple layers can be activated at once, and it's typical for layers to use `KC_TRNS` to allow keypresses to pass through to lower layers. For a detailed explanation of layers, see [Keymap Overview](keymap.md#keymap-and-layers). When using momentary layer switching with MO(), LM(), TT(), or LT(), make sure to leave the key on the above layers transparent or it may not work as intended. 3These functions allow you to activate layers in various ways. Note that layers are not generally independent layouts -- multiple layers can be activated at once, and it's typical for layers to use `KC_TRNS` to allow keypresses to pass through to lower layers. For a detailed explanation of layers, see [Keymap Overview](keymap.md#keymap-and-layers). When using momentary layer switching with MO(), LM(), TT(), or LT(), make sure to leave the key on the above layers transparent or it may not work as intended.
@@ -32,6 +11,12 @@ These functions allow you to activate layers in various ways. Note that layers a
32* `TO(layer)` - activates *layer* and de-activates all other layers (except your default layer). This function is special, because instead of just adding/removing one layer to your active layer stack, it will completely replace your current active layers, uniquely allowing you to replace higher layers with a lower one. This is activated on keydown (as soon as the key is pressed). 11* `TO(layer)` - activates *layer* and de-activates all other layers (except your default layer). This function is special, because instead of just adding/removing one layer to your active layer stack, it will completely replace your current active layers, uniquely allowing you to replace higher layers with a lower one. This is activated on keydown (as soon as the key is pressed).
33* `TT(layer)` - Layer Tap-Toggle. If you hold the key down, *layer* is activated, and then is de-activated when you let go (like `MO`). If you repeatedly tap it, the layer will be toggled on or off (like `TG`). It needs 5 taps by default, but you can change this by defining `TAPPING_TOGGLE` -- for example, `#define TAPPING_TOGGLE 2` to toggle on just two taps. 12* `TT(layer)` - Layer Tap-Toggle. If you hold the key down, *layer* is activated, and then is de-activated when you let go (like `MO`). If you repeatedly tap it, the layer will be toggled on or off (like `TG`). It needs 5 taps by default, but you can change this by defining `TAPPING_TOGGLE` -- for example, `#define TAPPING_TOGGLE 2` to toggle on just two taps.
34 13
14## Caveats
15
16Currently, `LT()` and `MT()` are limited to the [Basic Keycode set](keycodes_basic.md), meaning you can't use keycodes like `LCTL()`, `KC_TILD`, or anything greater than `0xFF`. Modifiers specified as part of a Layer Tap or Mod Tap's keycode will be ignored. If you need to apply modifiers to your tapped keycode, [Tap Dance](feature_tap_dance.md#example-5-using-tap-dance-for-advanced-mod-tap-and-layer-tap-keys) can be used to accomplish this.
17
18Additionally, if at least one right-handed modifier is specified in a Mod Tap or Layer Tap, it will cause all modifiers specified to become right-handed, so it is not possible to mix and match the two.
19
35# Working with Layers 20# Working with Layers
36 21
37Care must be taken when switching layers, it's possible to lock yourself into a layer with no way to deactivate that layer (without unplugging your keyboard.) We've created some guidelines to help users avoid the most common problems. 22Care must be taken when switching layers, it's possible to lock yourself into a layer with no way to deactivate that layer (without unplugging your keyboard.) We've created some guidelines to help users avoid the most common problems.
@@ -77,309 +62,3 @@ These allow you to combine a modifier with a keycode. When pressed, the keydown
77|`HYPR(kc)`| |Hold Left Control, Shift, Alt and GUI and press `kc`| 62|`HYPR(kc)`| |Hold Left Control, Shift, Alt and GUI and press `kc`|
78 63
79You can also chain them, for example `LCTL(LALT(KC_DEL))` makes a key that sends Control+Alt+Delete with a single keypress. 64You can also chain them, for example `LCTL(LALT(KC_DEL))` makes a key that sends Control+Alt+Delete with a single keypress.
80
81# Mod-Tap
82
83The Mod-Tap key `MT(mod, kc)` acts like a modifier when held, and a regular keycode when tapped. In other words, you can have a key that sends Escape when you tap it, but functions as a Control or Shift key when you hold it down.
84
85The modifiers this keycode and `OSM()` accept are prefixed with `MOD_`, not `KC_`:
86
87|Modifier |Description |
88|----------|----------------------------------------|
89|`MOD_LCTL`|Left Control |
90|`MOD_LSFT`|Left Shift |
91|`MOD_LALT`|Left Alt |
92|`MOD_LGUI`|Left GUI (Windows/Command/Meta key) |
93|`MOD_RCTL`|Right Control |
94|`MOD_RSFT`|Right Shift |
95|`MOD_RALT`|Right Alt (AltGr) |
96|`MOD_RGUI`|Right GUI (Windows/Command/Meta key) |
97|`MOD_HYPR`|Hyper (Left Control, Shift, Alt and GUI)|
98|`MOD_MEH` |Meh (Left Control, Shift, and Alt) |
99
100You can combine these by ORing them together like so:
101
102```c
103MT(MOD_LCTL | MOD_LSFT, KC_ESC)
104```
105
106This key would activate Left Control and Left Shift when held, and send Escape when tapped.
107
108For convenience, QMK includes some Mod-Tap shortcuts to make common combinations more compact in your keymap:
109
110|Key |Aliases |Description |
111|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
112|`LCTL_T(kc)`|`CTL_T(kc)` |Left Control when held, `kc` when tapped |
113|`LSFT_T(kc)`|`SFT_T(kc)` |Left Shift when held, `kc` when tapped |
114|`LALT_T(kc)`|`ALT_T(kc)` |Left Alt when held, `kc` when tapped |
115|`LGUI_T(kc)`|`LCMD_T(kc)`, `LWIN_T(kc)`, `GUI_T(kc)`, `CMD_T(kc)`, `WIN_T(kc)`|Left GUI when held, `kc` when tapped |
116|`RCTL_T(kc)`| |Right Control when held, `kc` when tapped |
117|`RSFT_T(kc)`| |Right Shift when held, `kc` when tapped |
118|`RALT_T(kc)`|`ALGR_T(kc)` |Right Alt when held, `kc` when tapped |
119|`RGUI_T(kc)`|`RCMD_T(kc)`, `RWIN_T(kc)` |Right GUI when held, `kc` when tapped |
120|`SGUI_T(kc)`|`SCMD_T(kc)`, `SWIN_T(kc)` |Left Shift and GUI when held, `kc` when tapped |
121|`LCA_T(kc)` | |Left Control and Alt when held, `kc` when tapped |
122|`LCAG_T(kc)`| |Left Control, Alt and GUI when held, `kc` when tapped |
123|`RCAG_T(kc)`| |Right Control, Alt and GUI when held, `kc` when tapped |
124|`C_S_T(kc)` | |Left Control and Shift when held, `kc` when tapped |
125|`MEH_T(kc)` | |Left Control, Shift and Alt when held, `kc` when tapped|
126|`HYPR_T(kc)`|`ALL_T(kc)` |Left Control, Shift, Alt and GUI when held, `kc` when tapped - more info [here](http://brettterpstra.com/2012/12/08/a-useful-caps-lock-key/)|
127
128## Caveats
129
130Unfortunately, these keycodes cannot be used in Mod-Taps or Layer-Taps, since any modifiers specified in the keycode are ignored.
131
132Additionally, you may run into issues when using Remote Desktop Connection on Windows. Because these codes send shift very fast, Remote Desktop may miss the codes.
133
134To fix this, open Remote Desktop Connection, click on "Show Options", open the the "Local Resources" tab. In the keyboard section, change the drop down to "On this Computer". This will fix the issue, and allow the characters to work correctly.
135
136# One Shot Keys
137
138One shot keys are keys that remain active until the next key is pressed, and then are released. This allows you to type keyboard combinations without pressing more than one key at a time. These keys are usually called "Sticky keys" or "Dead keys".
139
140For example, if you define a key as `OSM(MOD_LSFT)`, you can type a capital A character by first pressing and releasing shift, and then pressing and releasing A. Your computer will see the shift key being held the moment shift is pressed, and it will see the shift key being released immediately after A is released.
141
142One shot keys also work as normal modifiers. If you hold down a one shot key and type other keys, your one shot will be released immediately after you let go of the key.
143
144Additionally, hitting keys five times in a short period will lock that key. This applies for both One Shot Modifiers and One Shot Layers, and is controlled by the `ONESHOT_TAP_TOGGLE` define.
145
146You can control the behavior of one shot keys by defining these in `config.h`:
147
148```c
149#define ONESHOT_TAP_TOGGLE 5 /* Tapping this number of times holds the key until tapped once again. */
150#define ONESHOT_TIMEOUT 5000 /* Time (in ms) before the one shot key is released */
151```
152
153* `OSM(mod)` - Momentarily hold down *mod*. You must use the `MOD_*` keycodes as shown in [Mod Tap](#mod-tap), not the `KC_*` codes.
154* `OSL(layer)` - momentary switch to *layer*.
155
156Sometimes, you want to activate a one-shot key as part of a macro or tap dance routine.
157
158For one shot layers, you need to call `set_oneshot_layer(LAYER, ONESHOT_START)` on key down, and `clear_oneshot_layer_state(ONESHOT_OTHER_KEY_PRESSED)` on key up. If you want to cancel the oneshot, call `reset_oneshot_layer()`.
159
160For one shot mods, you need to call `set_oneshot_mods(MOD)` to set it, or `clear_oneshot_mods()` to cancel it.
161
162!> If you're having issues with OSM translating over Remote Desktop Connection, this can be fixed by opening the settings, going to the "Local Resources" tap, and in the keyboard section, change the drop down to "On this Computer". This will fix the issue and allow OSM to function properly over Remote Desktop.
163
164## Callbacks
165
166When you'd like to perform custom logic when pressing a one shot key, there are several callbacks you can choose to implement. You could indicate changes in one shot keys by flashing an LED or making a sound, for example.
167
168There is a callback for `OSM(mod)`. It is called whenever the state of any one shot modifier key is changed: when it toggles on, but also when it is toggled off. You can use it like this:
169
170```c
171void oneshot_mods_changed_user(uint8_t mods) {
172 if (mods & MOD_MASK_SHIFT) {
173 println("Oneshot mods SHIFT");
174 }
175 if (mods & MOD_MASK_CTRL) {
176 println("Oneshot mods CTRL");
177 }
178 if (mods & MOD_MASK_ALT) {
179 println("Oneshot mods ALT");
180 }
181 if (mods & MOD_MASK_GUI) {
182 println("Oneshot mods GUI");
183 }
184 if (!mods) {
185 println("Oneshot mods off");
186 }
187}
188```
189
190The `mods` argument contains the active mods after the change, so it reflects the current state.
191
192When you use One Shot Tap Toggle (by adding `#define ONESHOT_TAP_TOGGLE 2` in your `config.h` file), you may lock a modifier key by pressing it the specified amount of times. There's a callback for that, too:
193
194```c
195void oneshot_locked_mods_changed_user(uint8_t mods) {
196 if (mods & MOD_MASK_SHIFT) {
197 println("Oneshot locked mods SHIFT");
198 }
199 if (mods & MOD_MASK_CTRL) {
200 println("Oneshot locked mods CTRL");
201 }
202 if (mods & MOD_MASK_ALT) {
203 println("Oneshot locked mods ALT");
204 }
205 if (mods & MOD_MASK_GUI) {
206 println("Oneshot locked mods GUI");
207 }
208 if (!mods) {
209 println("Oneshot locked mods off");
210 }
211}
212```
213
214Last, there is also a callback for the `OSL(layer)` one shot key:
215
216```c
217void oneshot_layer_changed_user(uint8_t layer) {
218 if (layer == 1) {
219 println("Oneshot layer 1 on");
220 }
221 if (!layer) {
222 println("Oneshot layer off");
223 }
224}
225```
226
227If any one shot layer is switched off, `layer` will be zero. When you're looking to do something on any layer change instead of one shot layer changes, `layer_state_set_user` is a better callback to use.
228
229If you are making your own keyboard, there are also `_kb` equivalent functions:
230
231```c
232void oneshot_locked_mods_changed_kb(uint8_t mods);
233void oneshot_mods_changed_kb(uint8_t mods);
234void oneshot_layer_changed_kb(uint8_t layer);
235```
236
237As with any callback, be sure to call the `_user` variant to allow for further customizability.
238
239# Tap-Hold Configuration Options
240
241While Tap-Hold options are fantastic, they are not without their issues. We have tried to configure them with reasonal defaults, but that may still cause issues for some people.
242
243These options let you modify the behavior of the Tap-Hold keys.
244
245## Permissive Hold
246
247As of [PR#1359](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/pull/1359/), there is a new `config.h` option:
248
249```c
250#define PERMISSIVE_HOLD
251```
252
253This makes tap and hold keys (like Mod Tap) work better for fast typist, or for high `TAPPING_TERM` settings.
254
255If you press a Mod Tap key, tap another key (press and release) and then release the Mod Tap key, all within the tapping term, it will output the "tapping" function for both keys.
256
257For Instance:
258
259- `SFT_T(KC_A)` Down
260- `KC_X` Down
261- `KC_X` Up
262- `SFT_T(KC_A)` Up
263
264Normally, if you do all this within the `TAPPING_TERM` (default: 200ms) this will be registered as `ax` by the firmware and host system. With permissive hold enabled, this modifies how this is handled by considering the Mod Tap keys as a Mod if another key is tapped, and would registered as `X` (`SHIFT`+`x`).
265
266?> If you have `Ignore Mod Tap Interrupt` enabled, as well, this will modify how both work. The regular key has the modifier added if the first key is released first or if both keys are held longer than the `TAPPING_TERM`.
267
268For more granular control of this feature, you can add the following to your `config.h`:
269
270```c
271#define PERMISSIVE_HOLD_PER_KEY
272```
273
274You can then add the following function to your keymap:
275
276```c
277bool get_permissive_hold(uint16_t keycode, keyrecord_t *record) {
278 switch (keycode) {
279 case SFT_T(KC_A):
280 return true;
281 default:
282 return false;
283 }
284}
285```
286
287## Ignore Mod Tap Interrupt
288
289To enable this setting, add this to your `config.h`:
290
291```c
292#define IGNORE_MOD_TAP_INTERRUPT
293```
294
295Similar to Permissive Hold, this alters how the firmware processes input for fast typist. If you press a Mod Tap key, press another key, release the Mod Tap key, and then release the normal key, it would normally output the "tapping" function for both keys. This may not be desirable for rolling combo keys.
296
297Setting `Ignore Mod Tap Interrupt` requires holding both keys for the `TAPPING_TERM` to trigger the hold function (the mod).
298
299For Instance:
300
301- `SFT_T(KC_A)` Down
302- `KC_X` Down
303- `SFT_T(KC_A)` Up
304- `KC_X` Up
305
306Normally, this would send `X` (`SHIFT`+`x`). With `Ignore Mod Tap Interrupt` enabled, holding both keys are required for the `TAPPING_TERM` to register the hold action. A quick tap will output `ax` in this case, while a hold on both will still output `X` (`SHIFT`+`x`).
307
308
309?> __Note__: This only concerns modifiers and not layer switching keys.
310
311?> If you have `Permissive Hold` enabled, as well, this will modify how both work. The regular key has the modifier added if the first key is released first or if both keys are held longer than the `TAPPING_TERM`.
312
313For more granular control of this feature, you can add the following to your `config.h`:
314
315```c
316#define IGNORE_MOD_TAP_INTERRUPT_PER_KEY
317```
318
319You can then add the following function to your keymap:
320
321```c
322bool get_ignore_mod_tap_interrupt(uint16_t keycode) {
323 switch (keycode) {
324 case SFT_T(KC_SPC):
325 return true;
326 default:
327 return false;
328 }
329}
330```
331
332## Tapping Force Hold
333
334To enable `tapping force hold`, add the following to your `config.h`:
335
336```c
337#define TAPPING_FORCE_HOLD
338```
339
340When the user holds a key after tap, this repeats the tapped key rather to hold a modifier key. This allows to use auto repeat for the tapped key.
341
342Example:
343
344- SFT_T(KC_A) Down
345- SFT_T(KC_A) Up
346- SFT_T(KC_A) Down
347- wait more than tapping term...
348- SFT_T(KC_A) Up
349
350With default settings, `a` will be sent on the first release, then `a` will be sent on the second press allowing the computer to trigger its auto repeat function.
351
352With `TAPPING_FORCE_HOLD`, the second press will be interpreted as a Shift, allowing to use it as a modifier shortly after having used it as a tap.
353
354!> `TAPPING_FORCE_HOLD` will break anything that uses tapping toggles (Such as the `TT` layer keycode, and the One Shot Tapping Toggle).
355
356For more granular control of this feature, you can add the following to your `config.h`:
357
358```c
359#define TAPPING_FORCE_HOLD_PER_KEY
360```
361
362You can then add the following function to your keymap:
363
364```c
365bool get_tapping_force_hold(uint16_t keycode, keyrecord_t *record) {
366 switch (keycode) {
367 case LT(1, KC_BSPC):
368 return true;
369 default:
370 return false;
371 }
372}
373```
374
375## Retro Tapping
376
377To enable `retro tapping`, add the following to your `config.h`:
378
379```c
380#define RETRO_TAPPING
381```
382
383Holding and releasing a dual function key without pressing another key will result in nothing happening. With retro tapping enabled, releasing the key without pressing another will send the original keycode even if it is outside the tapping term.
384
385For instance, holding and releasing `LT(2, KC_SPACE)` without hitting another key will result in nothing happening. With this enabled, it will send `KC_SPACE` instead.