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1## Joystick
2
3The keyboard can be made to be recognized as a joystick HID device by the operating system.
4
5This is enabled by adding `JOYSTICK_ENABLE` to `rules.mk`. You can set this value to `analog`, `digital`, or `no`.
6
7!> Joystick support is not currently available on V-USB devices.
8
9The joystick feature provides two services:
10 * reading analog input devices (eg. potentiometers)
11 * sending gamepad HID reports
12
13Both services can be used without the other, depending on whether you just want to read a device but not send gamepad reports (for volume control for instance)
14or send gamepad reports based on values computed by the keyboard.
15
16### Analog Input
17
18To use analog input you must first enable it in `rules.mk`:
19
20```makefile
21JOYSTICK_ENABLE = analog
22```
23
24An analog device such as a potentiometer found on a gamepad's analog axes is based on a [voltage divider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_divider).
25It is composed of three connectors linked to the ground, the power input and power output (usually the middle one). The power output holds the voltage that varies based on the position of the cursor,
26which value will be read using your MCU's [ADC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter).
27Depending on which pins are already used by your keyboard's matrix, the rest of the circuit can get a little bit more complicated,
28feeding the power input and ground connection through pins and using diodes to avoid bad interactions with the matrix scanning procedures.
29
30### Configuring the Joystick
31
32By default, two axes and eight buttons are defined. This can be changed in your `config.h`:
33
34```c
35// Max 32
36#define JOYSTICK_BUTTON_COUNT 16
37// Max 6: X, Y, Z, Rx, Ry, Rz
38#define JOYSTICK_AXES_COUNT 3
39```
40
41When defining axes for your joystick, you have to provide a definition array. You can do this from your keymap.c file.
42A joystick will either be read from an input pin that allows the use of the ADC, or can be virtual, so that its value is provided by your code.
43You have to define an array of type ''joystick_config_t'' and of proper size.
44
45There are three ways for your circuit to work with the ADC, that relies on the use of 1, 2 or 3 pins of the MCU:
46 * 1 pin: your analog device is directly connected to your device GND and VCC. The only pin used is the ADC pin of your choice.
47 * 2 pins: your analog device is powered through a pin that allows toggling it on or off. The other pin is used to read the input value through the ADC.
48 * 3 pins: both the power input and ground are connected to pins that must be set to a proper state before reading and restored afterwards.
49
50The configuration of each axis is performed using one of four macros:
51 * `JOYSTICK_AXIS_VIRTUAL`: no ADC reading must be performed, that value will be provided by keyboard/keymap-level code
52 * `JOYSTICK_AXIS_IN(INPUT_PIN, LOW, REST, HIGH)`: a voltage will be read on the provided pin, which must be an ADC-capable pin.
53 * `JOYSTICK_AXIS_IN_OUT(INPUT_PIN, OUTPUT_PIN, LOW, REST, HIGH)`: the provided `OUTPUT_PIN` will be set high before `INPUT_PIN` is read.
54 * `JOYSTICK_AXIS_IN_OUT_GROUND(INPUT_PIN, OUTPUT_PIN, GROUND_PIN, LOW, REST, HIGH)`: the `OUTPUT_PIN` will be set high and `GROUND_PIN` will be set low before reading from `INPUT_PIN`.
55
56In any case where an ADC reading takes place (when `INPUT_PIN` is provided), additional `LOW`, `REST` and `HIGH` parameters are used.
57These implement the calibration of the analog device by defining the range of read values that will be mapped to the lowest, resting position and highest possible value for the axis (-127 to 127).
58In practice, you have to provide the lowest/highest raw ADC reading, and the raw reading at resting position, when no deflection is applied. You can provide inverted `LOW` and `HIGH` to invert the axis.
59
60For instance, an axes configuration can be defined in the following way:
61
62```c
63//joystick config
64joystick_config_t joystick_axes[JOYSTICK_AXES_COUNT] = {
65 [0] = JOYSTICK_AXIS_IN_OUT_GROUND(A4, B0, A7, 900, 575, 285),
66 [1] = JOYSTICK_AXIS_VIRTUAL
67};
68```
69
70When the ADC reads 900 or higher, the returned axis value will be -127, whereas it will be 127 when the ADC reads 285 or lower. Zero is returned when 575 is read.
71
72In this example, the first axis will be read from the `A4` pin while `B0` is set high and `A7` is set low, using `analogReadPin()`, whereas the second axis will not be read.
73
74In order to give a value to the second axis, you can do so in any customizable entry point: as an action, in `process_record_user()` or in `matrix_scan_user()`, or even in `joystick_task()` which is called even when no key has been pressed.
75You assign a value by writing to `joystick_status.axes[axis_index]` a signed 8-bit value (ranging from -127 to 127). Then it is necessary to assign the flag `JS_UPDATED` to `joystick_status.status` in order for an updated HID report to be sent.
76
77The following example writes two axes based on keypad presses, with `KC_P5` as a precision modifier:
78
79```c
80#ifdef ANALOG_JOYSTICK_ENABLE
81static uint8_t precision_val = 70;
82static uint8_t axesFlags = 0;
83enum axes {
84 Precision = 1,
85 Axis1High = 2,
86 Axis1Low = 4,
87 Axis2High = 8,
88 Axis2Low = 16
89};
90#endif
91
92bool process_record_user(uint16_t keycode, keyrecord_t *record) {
93 switch(keycode) {
94#ifdef ANALOG_JOYSTICK_ENABLE
95 // virtual joystick
96# if JOYSTICK_AXES_COUNT > 1
97 case KC_P8:
98 if (record->event.pressed) {
99 axesFlags |= Axis2Low;
100 } else {
101 axesFlags &= ~Axis2Low;
102 }
103 joystick_status.status |= JS_UPDATED;
104 break;
105 case KC_P2:
106 if (record->event.pressed) {
107 axesFlags |= Axis2High;
108 } else {
109 axesFlags &= ~Axis2High;
110 }
111 joystick_status.status |= JS_UPDATED;
112 break;
113# endif
114 case KC_P4:
115 if (record->event.pressed) {
116 axesFlags |= Axis1Low;
117 } else {
118 axesFlags &= ~Axis1Low;
119 }
120 joystick_status.status |= JS_UPDATED;
121 break;
122 case KC_P6:
123 if (record->event.pressed) {
124 axesFlags |= Axis1High;
125 } else {
126 axesFlags &= ~Axis1High;
127 }
128 joystick_status.status |= JS_UPDATED;
129 break;
130 case KC_P5:
131 if (record->event.pressed) {
132 axesFlags |= Precision;
133 } else {
134 axesFlags &= ~Precision;
135 }
136 joystick_status.status |= JS_UPDATED;
137 break;
138#endif
139 }
140 return true;
141}
142```
143
144### Triggering Joystick Buttons
145
146Joystick buttons are normal Quantum keycodes, defined as `JS_BUTTON0` to `JS_BUTTON31`, depending on the number of buttons you have configured.
147To trigger a joystick button, just add the corresponding keycode to your keymap.